Why does the 5 GHz band typically have a shorter range than the 2.4 GHz band?

Why does the 5 GHz band typically have a shorter range than the 2.4 GHz band?

• A. Because 5 GHz channels are narrower.
• B. Because 5 GHz signals propagate with less attenuation.
• C. Because higher frequency results in greater free-space path loss and poorer penetration.
• D. Because 5 GHz uses more channels.

Answer: (C)

Higher frequency signals lose more energy as they travel and don’t penetrate obstacles as well. The math behind wireless path loss shows that free-space path loss increases with frequency, so at the same transmit power and distance a 5 GHz signal ends up weaker than a 2.4 GHz signal. In addition, higher-frequency waves interact with walls, floors, and other objects more, absorbing more energy and diffracting less effectively. That combination means the 5 GHz band covers a smaller area in typical environments. The other statements don’t explain range as effectively: channel width or the number of channels affects data rate and capacity, not how far the signal reaches.

Higher frequency signals lose more energy as they travel and don’t penetrate obstacles as well. The math behind wireless path loss shows that free-space path loss increases with frequency, so at the same transmit power and distance a 5 GHz signal ends up weaker than a 2.4 GHz signal. In addition, higher-frequency waves interact with walls, floors, and other objects more, absorbing more energy and diffracting less effectively. That combination means the 5 GHz band covers a smaller area in typical environments. The other statements don’t explain range as effectively: channel width or the number of channels affects data rate and capacity, not how far the signal reaches.